আজকের দুনিয়া মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রকে সেরা ধনী আর শক্তিশালী দেশ বলে চিনতে পারলেও এর ইতিহাস আরম্ভ হয়েছে মাত্র ২০০ বছর আগে। আমাদের জানা আছে যে, উত্তর আমেরিকা আর দক্ষিণ আমেরিকা দুটি স্বতন্ত্র মহাদেশ হলেও আমেরিকা মহাদেশের আবিষ্কারক ক্রিস্টোফার কলম্বাস। কিন্তু কলম্বাসের নামে মহাদেশ দুটোর একটারও নাম হলো না কেন? আমেরিকার নামকরণ এক মজার কাহিনী। কলম্বাস ছিলেন সে আমলের একজন বিখ্যাত ইতালীয় নাবিক। ভারতবর্ষের ঐশ্বর্যের কথা ইউরোপে কিংবদন্তি হয়ে দাঁড়িয়েছিল বলেই অনেকেই চাইছিল স্থলপথ ছাড়াও সমুদ্রপথের সন্ধান করতে। তাই কলম্বাস জাহাজ নিয়ে ভারতবর্ষের খুঁজে বের হয়ে ১৪৯২ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ১২ অক্টোবর একটা দ্বীপে গিয়ে পেঁৗছান। দ্বীপটা বাহামা দ্বীপপুঞ্জের অন্তর্গত, আগে নাম ছিল সান সালভেদর। বর্তমান নাম ওয়াটলিং আইল্যান্ড। কলম্বাস স্পেনের রাজা ফার্ডিনান্ড ও রাণী ইসাবেলার সম্মানে এই দ্বীপের নাম রাখেন সান সালভেদর। কলম্বাস এই দ্বীপকে ভারত বলে ভেবেছিলেন। বর্তমানে আটলান্টিক মহাসাগরের এই তাবৎ দ্বীপপুঞ্জকে বলা হয় ওয়েস্ট ইন্ডিজ। এরপর কলম্বাস জাপানের পথে পাড়ি দিতে গিয়ে সান সালভেদরের দক্ষিণে হিসপানিয়োলা আর তারপর কিউবায় গিয়ে পৌঁছান। ১৪৯৮ খ্রিস্টাব্দে তৃতীয় নৌযাত্রায় কলম্বাস প্রথমে ত্রিনিদাদ আর তারপর গিয়ে পৌঁছান দক্ষিণ আমেরিকা মহাদেশের বর্তমান ভেনিজুয়েলাতে। এদিকে সমুদ্রপথে ভারতবর্ষ আবিষ্কারের যখন এতসব কাণ্ড চলছিল তখন এক স্পেনীয় নাবিক ঘোষণা করলেন যে দক্ষিণ আমেরিকা মহাদেশের মূল ভূখণ্ড তিনি ১৪৯৭ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ১৬ জুন আবিষ্কার করে এসেছেন। নাবিকটির নাম আমেরিগো ভেসপুচ্চি এবং বিশেষজ্ঞদের মত হলো_ তিনি ১৪৯৯ খ্রিস্টাব্দের আগে সমুদ্রযাত্রাই করেননি। কারণ সে বছরই আলন্সো দে ওখেদা ও ভেসপুচ্চি দক্ষিণ আমেরিকায় যান। কলম্বাস যেমন স্পেনের রাজার সাহায্যে সমুদ্রযাত্রা করেন, আমেরিগো ভেসপুচ্চিও তেমনি পর্তুগালের পতাকার নিচে ১৫০১ এবং ১৫০২ খ্রিস্টাব্দে যাত্রা করে দক্ষিণ আমেরিকার ব্রাজিলে গিয়ে উপস্থিত হন। ভেসপুচ্চি এটা ঠিকই বুঝেছিলেন যে কলম্বাস যাকে ভারতবর্ষ ভেবে ভুল করেছিলেন সেটা আসলে একটা অনাবিষ্কৃত নতুন মহাদেশ। ভেসপুচ্চির নিজের সমুদ্রযাত্রার বিষয়ে লেখা এতই প্রসিদ্ধ লাভ করে যে, তাকেই দক্ষিণ আমেরিকার আবিষ্কারক হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি দেওয়া হয়। জার্মানির ভূগোলবিদ ভাল্ডয়ে মুলার এমন চমৎকৃত হয়ে পড়েন যে ব্রাজিলকে তিনি ভেসপুচ্চির সম্মানার্থে আমেরিকা আখ্যা দেন। 'আমেরিকা' বলার কারণ হলো_ লাতিন ধরনে আমেরিগো ভেসপুচ্চি হয়ে যায় আমেরিকুস ভেসপুকিউস। নামটা এতই প্রচলিত হয়ে পড়ে যে, ব্রাজিল থেকে উত্তর আমেরিকা আর দক্ষিণ আমেরিকা দুই মহাদেশেরই নামকরণ হয় আমেরিকা।
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