Monday, August 27, 2012

চকোলেট

অত্যন্ত মজার ও লোভনীয় একটি খাবার হলো চকোলেট। দারুণ স্বাদের কারণে সব বয়সের মানুষেরই প্রিয় খাবারের তালিকায় স্থান পেয়েছে চকোলেট। নানা ধরনের রোগের ঝুঁকি থাকা সত্ত্বেও অনেকেই অতিরিক্ত মাত্রায় চকোলেট খাবার লোভ সামলাতে পারেন না। অথচ শুরুর দিকে এই চকোলেট ছিল অত্যন্ত তেতো স্বাদের। দক্ষিণ আমেরিকার বাসিন্দারা কোকোয়া বীজ গুঁড়ো করে এক ধরনের তেতো স্বাদের শরীর সতেজকারী পানীয় তৈরি করত। কোকোয়া বীজের এই পানীয়ই হলো চকোলেটের আদিরূপ। বর্তমান সময়ের শক্ত চকোলেট জনপ্রিয়তা পায় ১৮০০ শতকের দিকে। সে সময়ে কোকোয়ার বীজ তাপে গলিয়ে বিভিন্ন ছাঁচে ঢেলে ঠাণ্ডা করে কঠিন চকোলেট তৈরি শুরু হয়। ১৮৩১ সালে ব্রিটেনে ক্যাডবেরি নামের একটি ফার্ম বাণিজ্যিকভাবে চকোলেট উৎপাদন শুরু করে। তখনো চকোলেটের স্বাদ খুব একটা ভালো ছিল না। বর্তমান সময়ের মজাদার চকোলেটের জনক বলা যায় সুইজ্যারল্যান্ডের রুডলফ লিন্ডকে। তিনিই চকোলেটকে নরম আর চকচকে করার জন্য বেশি করে চকোলেটে মাখন মেশানো শুরু করেন। এই ধারা এখন পর্যন্ত অব্যাহত আছে। এই সময়েই চকোলেটকে ৯৭ ডিগ্রি ফারেনহাইট তাপমাত্রায় গলানো শুরু হয়। আমাদের শরীরের তাপমাত্রাও এ রকম হওয়ায় চকোলেট মুখে দেওয়ার সঙ্গে সঙ্গে গলতে শুরু করে। ১৮৭৫ সালে সুইজারল্যান্ডের নাগরিক ড্যানিয়েল পিটার প্রথম মিল্ক চকোলেট তৈরি করেন। পরবর্তী সময়ে এই চকোলেট ব্যাপক জনপ্রিয়তা পায়। বর্তমান বিশ্বে মিল্ক চকোলেটই সবচেয়ে বেশি বিক্রি হয়। চকোলেট উৎপাদনে দুনিয়ার অনেক দেশই বিখ্যাত। এদের মধ্যে বেলজিয়াম, সুইজারল্যান্ড, ইতালি ইত্যাদি দেশ চকোলেটের জন্য সবচেয়ে বেশি বিখ্যাত।

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