Tuesday, August 14, 2012

রান্নার প্রচলন হয়েছে পাঁচ লাখ বছর আগেই

প্রায় এক মিলিয়ন বছর আগের মানুষের জীবনযাপন আমাদের মতো ছিল না। অর্থাৎ সেই সময়ে মানুষ সভ্যতাও লাভ করেনি। বোধশক্তি বলে কিছুই ছিল না। ফলে ঘরবাড়ি, সংসারের মতো বৈশ্বয়িক কোনো বিষয়ের প্রতিও তাদের কোনো খেয়াল ছিল না। তারা জীবনযাপন করত প্রকৃতি থেকে পাওয়া মাছ-মাংস, ফলমূল এবং শাকসবজি খেয়ে। তখনও আগুন আবিষ্কৃত হয়নি। আর এ কারণে মানুষ যা-ই খেত, তার সবকিছুই ছিল কাঁচা এবং অস্বাস্থ্যকর।
তবে আগুন আবিষ্কারের পরই তারা খাবার-দাবারে মূলত বৈচিত্র্য আনার চেষ্টা করে। যে কোনো ধরনের খাবার খাওয়ার আগে তারা তা আগুনে ঝলসে নিত। খেত তারপর। এতে কিছুটা হলেও আলাদা একটা স্বাদ পাওয়া যেত। প্রাচীনকালের শিকারি মানুষরা শিকার করতে গিয়ে একসঙ্গে বেশ কয়েকদিনের খাবার সংগ্রহ করে নিয়ে আসত। কিন্তু সেসব খাবার সবসময় ভালো রাখা সম্ভব হতো না। তাই তারা খাবারগুলো নষ্টের হাত থেকে রক্ষার জন্য সেগুলো আচ্ছামতো ঝলসে নিয়ে শুকনো স্থানে রাখত, যাতে পরে ব্যবহার করা যায়। এ থেকেই অনুমান করা হয়, প্রাচীনকালেই সম্ভব হয়েছিল বৈজ্ঞানিক উপায়ে রান্নাবান্না এবং তা ভালো রাখার জন্য শুষ্ক স্থান ব্যবহারের প্রথা। কিন্তু প্রাগৈতিহাসিকদের গবেষণা থেকে জানা যায়, পৃথিবীতে মানুষ রান্না করা খাবার খাওয়া শুরু করে আজ থেকে প্রায় পাঁচ লাখ বছর আগেই। তবে প্রাগৈতিহাসিকদের গবেষণার ভিত খুব জোরালো হলেও এ কথাও সত্য, প্রকৃতপক্ষে মানুষ তখনও আগুন তৈরির পদ্ধতিই শেখেনি! মেঘে মেঘে ঘর্ষণে কিংবা শুকনো কাঠে কাঠে কোথাও ধপ করে আগুন জ্বলে উঠলে তারা ভয়ে দূরে সরে যেত।
অবশ্য কৌতূহলী হয়ে এ রহস্যও তারা উদ্ঘাটন করতে সক্ষম হয়। ক্রমে শিখে ফেলে আগুনের ব্যবহার। তখন কোথাও দাউ দাউ করে আগুন জ্বলে উঠলে অর্থাৎ কোথাও আগুনের দেখা পেলেই কাঠ বা অন্য কোনো শুকনো বস্তুতে সেখান থেকে আগুন সংগ্রহ করে অন্যত্র জ্বালিয়ে রাখার ব্যবস্থা করত।
এভাবে তারা চেষ্টা করত দীর্ঘদিন সংরক্ষণ করতে এবং সেই আগুন তারা রান্নাবান্নাসহ অন্যান্য গৃহস্থালি কাজকর্মে ব্যবহার করত।


ঋতা আলম

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