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সবুজ শ্যামলে মিশেছে রক্ত। পেয়েছি মায়ের ভাষা, পেয়েছি বাংলাদেশ, এসেছে স্বাধীনতা। পৃথিবীর ইতিহাসে একমাত্র জাতি হিসেবে মাতৃভাষার অধিকার প্রতিষ্ঠার জন্য বুকের তাজা রক্ত বিলিয়ে দিয়ে রচনা করেছে এক নতুন ইতিহাস। ফাগুনের আগুন ঝরা ফেব্রুয়ারিতেই বুকের তাজা রক্ত দিয়ে মায়ের ভাষার মর্যাদা প্রতিষ্ঠার দাবিতে গর্জে ওঠে বাঙালি। বিশ্বসভায় বাঙালি জানিয়ে দেয় নিজের অস্তিত্ব। লোককবি বলেন, 'ওরা আমার মুখের ভাষা কাইড়া নিতে চায়/ ওরা কথায় কথায় শেকল পরায়, আমার হাতে-পায়...'। আজ সেই তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ ফেব্রুয়ারির দ্বিতীয় দিন। বাংলাকে মাতৃভাষার স্বীকৃতি দাবি মূলত বাঙালি জাতীয়তাবাদী সংগ্রামের বলিষ্ঠ সূচনাই ঘটিয়েছে। আর এ সংগ্রামের চূড়ান্ত প্রকাশ ঘটে ফেব্রুয়ারিতেই।

বর্ণময় গৌরব-শৌর্য এবং অভাবনীয় বীরত্ব- ত্যাগের মাস ফেব্রুয়ারি। এ মাসেই বাঙালি জাতির তপ্ত রুধিরে স্পর্ধিত হয় স্বর্ণালি ফাগুন। ধর্মভিত্তিক দ্বিজাতি তত্ত্বের ভিত্তিতে ভাগ হওয়া উপমহাদেশে পাকিস্তানের জন্মলগ্ন থেকেই দেখা দেয় বিভক্তি-বৈষম্য। এক দিকে জনবহুল বাংলা ভাষাভাষির 'পূর্ব পাকিস্তান' অন্যদিকে বহুজাতির ভূখণ্ড 'পশ্চিম পাকিস্তান'। কেন্দ্রীয় সরকার পশ্চিম পাকিস্তানে বসেই শোষণের ছড়ি ঘুরাতে থাকে ১৯৭১ সালে তৎকালীন পূর্ব পাকিস্তান তথা আজকের বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা লাভের পূর্ব পর্যন্ত।

শোষণ, বঞ্চনা ও বৈষম্যের প্রথম প্রকাশ ঘটান পাকিস্তানের জাতির জনক মোহাম্মদ আলী জিন্নাহ নিজেই। উর্দুকে পাকিস্তানের রাষ্ট্রভাষা ঘোষণার জন্য শাসকগোষ্ঠীর তৎপরতাকে শুরু থেকে বাঙালি ছাত্র-জনতা মেনে নেননি, বিশেষ করে মধ্যবিত্ত শ্রেণী প্রতিবাদ জানাতে থাকেন।

৫৮ বছর আগের কথা। বাংলা ভাষাকে তদানীন্তন পূর্ব পাকিস্তানের রাষ্ট্রভাষা হিসেবে প্রতিষ্ঠার সংগ্রামের প্রায় চূড়ান্ত পর্বটি ঘটে তখন। পাকিস্তানি শাসক যখন আগ্রাসনবাদী নীতির অংশ হিসেবে গোটা দেশের সিংহভাগ মানুষ 'বাঙালি' হওয়া সত্ত্বেও উর্দুকেই তৎকালীন পাকিস্তানের একমাত্র 'রাষ্ট্রভাষা' বলে চাপিয়ে দিতে ঘোষণা দেন : 'Urdu and Urdu shall be state Language of Pakistan...' এমন ঘোষণার বিরুদ্ধে প্রকাশ্যেই 'খামোশ' স্বরূপ 'না' জানিয়ে দেন ছাত্র-জনতা। তারপর ধারাবাহিক সংগ্রাম। তখন বাঙালি জাতীয়তাবাদী চেতনায় উজ্জ্বীবিত সচেতন ছাত্র-জনতা ক্রমে ফেটে পড়েন তীব্র বিক্ষোভে। দীর্ঘকালীন সংগ্রামের অনেকটা পরিসমাপ্তি হিসেবে ১৯৫২ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ২১ ফেব্রুয়ারি ঢাকার রাজপথে ছাত্র-জনতা বুকের তাজা রক্ত ঢেলে দেন। জীবন দিয়ে প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন মায়ের ভাষার দাবিকে। ছাত্র-জনতা উদ্যত বুলেটে বুক পেতে রাজপথ রাঙিয়ে প্রমাণ করেন 'একুশ মানে মাথা নত না করার মাস।' অতঃপর দীর্ঘ প্রায় অর্ধশতক পর একুশে অর্জিত সেই বাংলা ভাষার মর্যাদা প্রতিষ্ঠা পায় আন্তর্জাতিক পর্যায়েও। একুশে ফেব্রুয়ারি হয় আন্তর্জাতিক মাতৃভাষা দিবস। সেই সূত্রে বাঙালির শৌর্য-বীর্যের অনন্য নজির সেই দিবসটি গত নয় বছর ধরে বিশ্বব্যাপী স্বীকৃত 'আন্তর্জাতিক মাতৃভাষা দিবস' হিসেবেও।

প্রতিবছর মহান ফেব্রুয়ারি এলে শুরু হয় মায়ের ভাষার উৎসব, বইমেলা, সেমিনার-র‌্যালি, বসন্ত উচ্ছ্বাস, পিঠা-পুলির আয়োজন, কবিতা-আবৃত্তি, নৃত্য অভিনয় ইত্যাদি নানামাত্রিক আয়োজনে ঢাকা-চট্টগ্রামসহ বিশ্বব্যাপী বাংলা ভাষাভাষীরা যেন জেগে ওঠেন মা-মাতৃভাষা ও দেশপ্রেমের চেতনায়।

-রিয়াজ হায়দার

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