Wednesday, March 2, 2011

সুপারনোভা

সুপারনোভা বা অতি নবতারা এক ধরনের নাক্ষত্রিক বিস্ফোরণ, যা প্রাথমিকভাবে প্লাসমা দ্বারা গঠিত একটি অতি উজ্জ্বল বস্তুর সৃষ্টি করে। দৃষ্টি থেকে হারিয়ে যাওয়ার পূর্বে একটি অতি নবতারা সপ্তাহ বা প্রায় মাসজুড়ে তার ছায়াপথের চেয়েও বেশি উজ্জ্বলতা প্রদান করতে পারে। আকাশে এত তারা, গুনেও শেষ করা যায় না, দেখেও শেষ করা যায় না অথচ এত তারাও মন ভরাতে পারে না অনেকের! তাই তো কানাডিয়ান জ্যোতির্বিজ্ঞানী শেল্টন ১৯৮৭ সালে শুরু করেন নবজ্যোতিষ্ক অনুসন্ধান।

অনুসন্ধানের দু'দিনের মাথায় তিনি টরেনটোলা নামক নীহারিকার পাশে বৃহদাকার ম্যাগেলেনিক মেঘে একটি অতিরিক্ত তারা খুঁজে পান। এটি এতটাই উজ্জ্বল ছিল যে, শেল্টন অনুধাবন করেন এটি একটি সুপারনোভা_ তারাটির ধ্বংসের আগের আকস্মিক বিস্ফোরণ। তার জানা মতে, ১৬০৪ সালে পৃথিবীর মানুষ সর্বশেষ সুপারনোভা পর্যবেক্ষণ করেছিল। ফলে নতুন এ ঘটনায় বিস্মিত হন শেল্টন। যাই হোক, কয়েক মাস ধরে বিজ্ঞানীরা এটি নজরে রাখেন। দেখা গেল, ম্যাগেলেনিক মেঘের সব তারা একত্রে যতটা উজ্জ্বল হয়, কয়েক মাসের ভেতর এটি ততটাই উজ্জ্বল হয়ে উঠেছিল। প্রচণ্ড শক্তি ও তীব্র আলোক বিকিরণ করে নিষ্প্রভ হয়ে যাওয়ার আগে নক্ষত্রটি সূর্যের চেয়ে কমপক্ষে ১০ গুণ ভারী হয়ে ওঠে। এক পর্যায়ে নক্ষত্রটি হয়ে উঠে লাল। এর নিউক্লিয়ার চুলি্লতে তৈরি হয় লোহার মতো ভারী উপাদান। একপর্যায়ে বিস্ফোরণের ফলে সৃষ্টি হয় সুপারনোভার। টরাসের মাঝে কর্কট নীহারিকা সবচেয়ে বিখ্যাত, এটি ছোট টেলিস্কোপের মাধ্যমে ডিম্বাকৃতির উজ্জ্বল রেখারূপে দেখা যায়। পৃথিবীকে অতিক্রমকালে এ রশ্মিকে মহাজাগতিক কোনো বাতিঘর থেকে আগত আলোকরশ্মি বলে মনে হয়।

মেহেদী হাসান বাবু

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